为探讨白皮松群体间遗传变异规律，使用7对EST-SSR引物对分布区内21个白皮松天然群体的遗传多样性及遗传分化水平进行了研究。结果表明：7对引物在21个白皮松天然群体的663个单株中共检测到14个多态性位点。各群体间有效等位基因数（Ne）、Shannon’s 信息指数（I）、观测杂合度（Ho）、期望杂合度（He）、Nei’s期望杂合度（Nei’s）分别为1.156 5~1.601 9、0.133 5~0.492 5、0.138 4~0.397 3、0.0860~0.342 8、0.084 6~0.337 4。白皮松群体间遗传分化系数（Fst）平均为0.215 2，基因流（Nm）值平均为0.911 9，群体间基因交流总体较少，遗传分化较大。白皮松多样性水平在分布区内呈规律性变化，多样性分布的中心区域主要在西部、南部，具有从西向东，从南向北依次减少的趋势。

The fruits and seeds from four Elaeagnus mollis natural populations were collected in Pinglu, Xipo, Yaxia, and Ganquan as materials. The nested design was used to analyze the variation law and pattern of six phenotypic traits of E. mollis fruits and seeds from four natural distributed provenances. It showed that extremely significant differences were found among provenances in fruits length, seeds length, fruits length/fruits width and seeds length/seeds width. Difference in fruits width and seeds width were not remarkable among populations. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient of populations were 8.51% (fruits length), 0% (fruits width), 24.46% (seeds length), 1.61% (seeds width), 16.67% (fruits length/fruits width), and 29.41% (seeds length/seeds width), less than that among families in each trait. The traits of variation mainly come from the individuals.

The transferability of 53 pairs of self-incompatible S-RNase genotype identification primers from Rosaceae to kernel-apricot was analyzed in order to provide theoretical reference for S-RNase genotype identification and cross breeding work of kernel-apricot. The results showed that only 12 out of 53 primers had good transferability in kernel-apricot which could be used in S-RNase genotype identification. There was a higher transferability in kernel-apricot of Prunoideae than Maloideae, but the highest was in Armeniaca.

目的 以西伯利亚杏优良单株为选择目标，结合地理生态因子对核仁表型和成分性状的变异规律进行研究，明确内蒙古西伯利亚杏核仁形态及成分的变异特点和地理变异规律，并在此基础上进行不同类型优良单株的选择。 方法 结合单株产量高、生长势好等指标，对来自内蒙古地区的10个西伯利亚杏种源中筛选出的217个单株的核纵径、核横径、核侧径、核壳厚、核形指数、核干质量、仁纵径、仁横径、仁侧径、仁形指数、仁干质量、出仁率、产仁量、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、苦杏仁苷等16个形态及成分性状进行方差分析、多重比较、相关分析、聚类分析、主成分分析，筛选不同类型的优良单株。 结果 表明：（1）西伯利亚杏各性状存在较大变异，变异范围为8.94%~68.27%，核形态的变异系数（16.87%）大于仁成分（14.61%）和仁形态（14.14%），质量和成分性状的变异程度高于大小和形状指数。（2）产仁量、仁干质量、出仁率、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、苦杏仁苷等主要经济性状在种源间差异极显著，将种源分为5类，第Ⅰ类群产仁量高、仁大；第Ⅱ类群出仁率高，粗蛋白含量高；第Ⅲ类群粗脂肪和苦杏仁苷含量高；第Ⅳ类群各项指标都较低；第Ⅴ类群产仁量高、粗脂肪和苦杏仁苷含量高。（3）核、仁性状之间存在广泛的相关性，且产仁量、苦杏仁苷、粗脂肪分别与纬度、经度、年平均气温密切相关。（4）前6个主成分贡献率达到80.716%，按5%入选率分别筛选出9种类型的优良单株各11株，各类型优株主成分得分值的现实增益为146.12%~199.22%，具有显著的优异性。 结论 内蒙古西伯利亚杏在广泛且多样的地理环境中形成了丰富的核仁表型和成分的变异，且不同种源以及不同个体间存在极显著差异；利用主要经济性状对种源进行了聚类分析，得到5个具有不同经济特征的育种类群；主要经济性状与表型以及地理环境因素密切相关。